问题
I have a classpath issue.
- Background: Building and running a Spring WebApp.
- Originally it was one big project including dao/service/controller/webapp.
- I have just broken my project into a maven module project essentially splitting the webapp from the dao and service layers.
- Now my webapp junit tests do not run.
- The junit code has not changed and I don't think the dependencies have changed (albeit shifted around).
- Spring-test is in my local repository.
- Spring-test is in my unit test runtime classpath (used mvn debug logging to check)
- I have no other classpath issues. All dao module tests run fine
However, I get
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class
org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.
I will post my parent and child pom.xml. If anyone has a suggestion, I'd be very grateful.
Parent Pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>jake</groupId>
<artifactId>prototype3</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<modules>
<module>prototype3.model</module>
<module>prototype3.service</module>
<module>prototype3.testadmin.webapp</module>
</modules>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
<thymeleaf.version>2.1.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<webflow.version>2.4.0.RELEASE</webflow.version>
<internalrepo.dir>C:\Users\jake\_servers\internalRepository</internalrepo.dir>
</properties>
<distributionManagement>
<repository>
<id>internal.repo</id>
<name>Temporary Staging Repository</name>
<url>file://${internalrepo.dir}</url>
</repository>
</distributionManagement>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Web Flow -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId>
<version>${webflow.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
<version>2.4.1.RELEASE</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!-- javax -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring ORM support -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- -hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>4.3.10.Final</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<version>9.4-1200-jdbc41</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.14</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
<version>4.3.10.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.1.3.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Hibernate uses slf4j for logging, for our purposes here use the simple
backend -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
<version>1.7.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
<version>3.19.0-GA</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
<version>4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.18.1</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
<artifactId>plexus-utils</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-artifact</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
<artifactId>plexus-container-default</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
<type>maven-plugin</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- thymeleaf -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
<version>${thymeleaf.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
<version>${thymeleaf.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2-spring4</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Our Own-->
<dependency>
<groupId>jake</groupId>
<artifactId>prototype3.model</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jake</groupId>
<artifactId>prototype3.service</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
Child Pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>jake</groupId>
<artifactId>prototype3</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>prototype3.testadmin.webapp</artifactId>
<properties>
<deploy.directory>C:\Users\jake\_servers\tc8\webapps</deploy.directory>
<deploy.name>prototype3</deploy.name>
<l4j.test>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\src\main\resources</l4j.test>
<webinf.dir>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\WebContent\WEB-INF</webinf.dir>
<devroot.directory>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\</devroot.directory>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Web Flow -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- javax -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring ORM support -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<type>maven-plugin</type>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- thymeleaf -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
<artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2-spring4</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Our own -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jake</groupId>
<artifactId>prototype3.model</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jake</groupId>
<artifactId>prototype3.service</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
<configuration>
<warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
<outputDirectory>${deploy.directory}</outputDirectory>
<webResources>
<!-- <resource> <directory>src\main\resources</directory> </resource> -->
</webResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>enforce</id>
<configuration>
<rules>
<DependencyConvergence />
</rules>
</configuration>
<goals>
<goal>enforce</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.18.1</version>
<configuration>
<includes>
<include>**/A01TestSuite.java</include>
<include>**/ServiceTestSuite.java</include>
<include>**/ZFlowTestSuite.java</include>
</includes>
<additionalClasspathElements>
<additionalClasspathElement>${webinf.dir}</additionalClasspathElement>
</additionalClasspathElements>
<systemPropertyVariables>
<log4j.configuration>file:${l4j.test}/log4j.test.properties</log4j.configuration>
</systemPropertyVariables>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<followSymLinks>false</followSymLinks>
<filesets>
<fileset>
<directory>${deploy.directory}/${deploy.name}</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*</include>
</includes>
</fileset>
<fileset>
<directory>${devroot.directory}/target</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*</include>
</includes>
</fileset>
<fileset>
<directory>${deploy.directory}</directory>
<includes>
<include>${deploy.name}.war</include>
<include>${deploy.name}</include>
</includes>
</fileset>
</filesets>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<finalName>${deploy.name}</finalName>
</build>
</project>
UPDATE
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.002 sec <<< FAILURE! - in jake.prototype2.test.testrunner.ServiceTestSuite initializationError(jake.prototype2.test.service.UserAdminServiceTest) Time elapsed: 0.002 sec <<< ERROR! java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:101) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:87) at org.junit.runners.Suite.(Suite.java:10
回答1:
In a comment you've said that project compiles, but tests don't run. Maven-surefire-plugin may be the culpit (as it was in my case). I was getting the same error, but after a little digging I knew that:
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class
org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.
was caused by:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: SpringJUnit4ClassRunner requires JUnit 4.12 or higher.
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<clinit>
which was thrown because maven-surefire-plugin wasn't picking test framework provider from the classpath but instead supplied its own outdated junit provider.
I get rid of the error by specifying JUnit artifact name:
<plugins>
...
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>{your.surefire.version}</version>
<configuration>
<junitArtifactName> junit:junit:{your.junit.version} </junitArtifactName>
</configuration>
</plugin>
...
</plugins>
回答2:
I dont know why but in my case spring-boot-starter-test comes with junit 4.10 and I find that is compiled with 4.12, so after add
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
Works fine. Maybe a misconfiguration in pom of spring-boot
回答3:
For anyone looking at this I had a similar problem and the issue had to do with a logging impl conflict that was pulled in from maven transitive dependencies in spring boot. Once I excluded spring-boot-starter-logging it fixed the issue.
SpringJUnit4ClassRunner most likely wasn't able to initialize in the classloader from the logging conflict and the NoClassDefFoundError was thrown at another point in the code because of that.
回答4:
I found a solution, not an answer to my question.
The solution was to break the project up in stages.
First, I created three standalone projects and ran the relevant unit tests on each. (Obviously this has to be done in the correct order to ensure dependency)
Second, I created the parent pom and depency management.
- Third, I brought each standalone project under the paren one by one. I gradually reduced the child pom dependencies through an iterative series of testing.
I still have no idea why the above structure failed. However, since everything now works, there is no reason to continue reduction until I finally break my webapp again.
回答5:
I recently encountered this. I just updated the version from 3.0.7.RELEASE to 3.1.1.RELEASE.
回答6:
I encountered the same error in Spring Boot. I just changed the spring-boot-starter-parent version from 1.5.6.RELEASE to 1.5.10.RELEASED.
This spring boot version already contains the class below:
org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33950862/maven-noclassdeffounderror-org-springframework-test-context-junit4-springjunit