Python - start interactive debugger when exception would be otherwise thrown

问题

Is there any way to make a python program start an interactive debugger, like what import pdb; pdb.set_trace() instead of actually throwing an exception?

I know the difficulty of making this work, but it would be much more valuable than a huge stack trace after which I have to use to figure out where to insert breakpoints and then restart the program to debug it. I know that simply making the debugger start instead of throwing an exception would not make sense because any exception can be caught at a level or another, so if I could just select a list of exceptions for which an interactive debug session would start instead of them being thrown (because I know the exceptions in this list would really be "errors" and no meaningful program behavior could follow afterwards)...

I've heard that Common Lisp has something like this, but I don't know how it works exactly, just that "true lispers" praise it a lot...

回答1:

The simplest way is to wrap your entire code inside a try block like this:

if __name__ == '__main__':

    try:
        raise Exception()
    except:
        import pdb
        pdb.set_trace()

There is a more complicated solution which uses sys.excepthook to override the handling of uncaught exceptions, as described in this recipe:

## {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/65287/ (r5)
# code snippet, to be included in 'sitecustomize.py'
import sys

def info(type, value, tb):
   if hasattr(sys, 'ps1') or not sys.stderr.isatty():
      # we are in interactive mode or we don't have a tty-like
      # device, so we call the default hook
      sys.__excepthook__(type, value, tb)
   else:
      import traceback, pdb
      # we are NOT in interactive mode, print the exception...
      traceback.print_exception(type, value, tb)
      print
      # ...then start the debugger in post-mortem mode.
      pdb.pm()

sys.excepthook = info
## end of http://code.activestate.com/recipes/65287/ }}}

The above code should be included in a file called sitecustomize.py inside site-packages directory, which is automatically imported by python. The debugger is only started when python is run in non-interactive mode.

回答2:

This question is quite old, so this is mainly for future me

try:
    ...
except:
    import traceback, pdb, sys
    traceback.print_exc()
    print ''
    pdb.post_mortem()
    sys.exit(1)

回答3:

If you are inside the REPL, you can do

import sys
import pdb
pdb.post_mortem(sys.last_traceback)

See https://docs.python.org/2/library/pdb.html and https://docs.python.org/3/library/traceback.html

回答4:

I wrote a package to start pdb on exception. It takes @boreis-gorelik's answer, and modifies the interpreter state at runtime so no code changes are necessary:

Installation

 pip install mort

Usage

mort <file.py or module to execute>

When the exception occurs, the pdb repl should start in the given terminal

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13174412/python-start-interactive-debugger-when-exception-would-be-otherwise-thrown