Why does JS code “var a = document.querySelector('a[data-a=1]');” cause error?

问题

I've an element in the DOM:

<a href="#" data-a="1">Link</a>

I want to get this element via its HTML5 custom data attribute data-a. So I write JS codes:

var a = document.querySelector('a[data-a=1]');

But this code doesn't work and I get an error in browser's console. (I tested Chrome and Firefox.)

JS code var a = document.querySelector('a[data-a=a]'); doesn't cause error. So I think the problem is that HTML5's JS API document.querySelector doesn't support to look for the number value in HTML5 custom data attribute.

Is this a problem of browser implementation bug or a problem of HTML5's spec relevant to document.querySelector?

Then I tested codes below on http://validator.w3.org/:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>An HTML Document</title>
<a href="#" data-a="1">Link</a>

They're validated. Since these HTML5 codes are validated. We should can use HTML5's JS API document.querySelector to look for this anchor element via its custom data attribute. But tha fact is that I get error.

Does HTML5's spec to HTML5 JS API document.querySelector say that this method can not look for an HTML5 data custom attribute with a number value? (An HTML5 spec source is wanted.)

回答1:

From the selectors specification:

Attribute values must be CSS identifiers or strings.

Identifiers cannot start with a number. Strings must be quoted.

1 is therefore neither a valid identifier nor a string.

Use "1" (which is a string) instead.

var a = document.querySelector('a[data-a="1"]');

回答2:

You could use

var a = document.querySelector('a[data-a="1"]');

instead of

var a = document.querySelector('a[data-a=1]');

回答3:

Took me a while to find this out but if you a number stored in a variable, say x and you want to select it, use

document.querySelector('a[data-a= + CSS.escape(x) + ']').

This is due to some attribute naming specifications that I'm not yet very familiar with. Hope this will help someone.

回答4:

Yes strings must be quoted and in some cases like in applescript, quotes must be escaped

do JavaScript "document.querySelector('span[" & attrName & "=\"" & attrValue & "\"]').click();"

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14809528/why-does-js-code-var-a-document-queryselectoradata-a-1-cause-error

标签

javascript

html5

css-selectors

custom-data-attribute

selectors-api