Add a column if it doesn't exist to all tables?

Question

I'm using SQL Server 2005/2008. I need to add a column to a table if it does not yet exist. This will apply to all tables in a given database. I hoped I was close, but I'm having issues with this solution.

How can this be done?

Here's what I have:

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable '
    declare @tblname varchar(255);
    SET @tblname =  PARSENAME("?",1);

    if not exists (select column_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns 
                   where table_name = @tblname and column_name = ''CreatedOn'') 
    begin
        ALTER TABLE @tblname ADD CreatedOn datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT getdate();
    end
'

But I get errors:

Error 102: Incorrect syntax near '@tblname'. Incorrect syntax near 'CreatedOn'. Incorrect syntax near '@tblname'. Incorrect syntax near 'CreatedOn'. ... and so on, for each table.

Answer 1

You cannot use variables, like @tableName, in DDL. Besides, splinting the name into part and ignoring the schema can only result in bugs. You should just use the ''?'' replacement in the SQL batch parameter and rely on the MSforeachtable replacement:

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable '
if not exists (select * from sys.columns 
               where object_id = object_id(''?'')
               and name = ''CreatedOn'') 
begin
    ALTER TABLE ? ADD CreatedOn datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT getdate();
end';

Answer 2

You'll need to mix in a bit of dynamic SQL. This should work:

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable '
    declare @tblname varchar(255);
    SET @tblname =  PARSENAME("?",1);
    declare @sql nvarchar(1000);

    if not exists (select column_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns 
                   where table_name = @tblname and column_name = ''CreatedOn'') 
    begin
        set @sql = N''ALTER TABLE '' +  @tblname + N'' ADD CreatedOn datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT getdate();''
        exec sp_executesql @sql
    end
'

Answer 3

DECLARE @Column VARCHAR(100) = 'Inserted_date'
DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(max) = NULL

SELECT @sql += ' ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_SCHEMA) + '.' + QUOTENAME(TABLE_NAME) + 'ADD' + @Column + 'datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT getdate()' + '; '
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE'
    AND TABLE_NAME IN (
        SELECT DISTINCT NAME
        FROM SYS.TABLES
        WHERE type = 'U'
            AND Object_id IN (
                SELECT DISTINCT Object_id
                FROM SYS.COLUMNS
                WHERE NAME != @Column
                )
        )
EXEC Sp_executesql @sql

Answer 4

Maybe like this:

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable '
    declare @tblname varchar(255);
    SET @tblname =  PARSENAME("?",1);

    if not exists (select column_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns 
                   where table_name = @tblname and column_name = ''CreatedOn'') 
    begin
        ALTER TABLE [?] ADD CreatedOn datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT getdate();
    end
'

?

Or even like this:

EXEC sp_MSforeachtable '
    if not exists (select column_name from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.columns 
                   where table_name = ''?'' and column_name = ''CreatedOn'') 
    begin
        ALTER TABLE [?] ADD CreatedOn datetime NOT NULL DEFAULT getdate();
    end
'