1. Update / Upgrade Commands
- sudo apt-get update : In a nutshell, apt-get update doesn’t actually install new versions of software. Instead, it updates the package lists for upgrades for packages that need upgrading, as well as new packages that have just come to the repositories.
- sudo apt-get upgrade : will fetch new versions of packages existing on the machine if APT knows about these new versions by way of apt-get update. An update must be performed first so that apt-get knows that new versions of packages are available.
- sudo apt-get dist-upgrade: will do the same job which is done by apt-get upgrade, plus it will also intelligently handle the dependencies, so it might remove obsolete packages or add new ones.
Note: we can combine commands with && signs, such as:
- sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
2. Install and start SSH service
- sudo apt-get install openssh-server
- sudo service ssh start
Verify with netstat command:
-t: tcp
-u: udp
-l: listening
-p: program/pid
-n: numeric
[email protected]:~$ netstat -tulpn (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.) Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN - udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:68 0.0.0.0:* - [email protected]:~$
3. Allow Root log in and set Root password
set up root password
4. Configure DNS and IP
Edit DNS Configuration File:
/etc/systemd/resolved.conf
Find the DNS section and add your DNS server ip addresses:
DNS= 1.1.1.1 8.8.4.4 192.168.2.1
5. Configure apt sources
Here it has been set Aliyun source
6.Change Timezone
Check time zone
Modify timezone
Verify
Note: command ‘timedatectl’
7. Fix Broken Ubuntu Without Reinstalling it
$ sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock $ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock $ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend $ sudo dpkg --configure -a $ sudo apt clean $ sudo apt update --fix-missing $ sudo apt install -f $ sudo dpkg --configure -a $ sudo apt upgrade $ sudo apt dist-upgrade Last step, ‘sudo reboot’
8. Check Ubuntu Version/CPU/Release information
[email protected]:~# getconf LONG_BIT 64 [email protected]:~# lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS Release: 18.04 Codename: bionic [email protected]:~# uname -a Linux wan 4.15.0-29-generic #31-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 17 13:11:22 UTC 2017 x86_64 [email protected]:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 142 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4300U CPU @ 2.10GHz stepping : 9 microcode : 0x4e cpu MHz : 2712.050 cache size : 3072 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 0 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault invpcid_single pti fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xsaves arat bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass bogomips : 5424.10 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: processor : 1 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 142 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4300U CPU @ 2.10GHz stepping : 9 microcode : 0x4e cpu MHz : 2712.050 cache size : 3072 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 2 core id : 1 cpu cores : 2 apicid : 1 initial apicid : 1 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault invpcid_single pti fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xsaves arat bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass bogomips : 5424.10 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: 9. Install and Configure Samba Server on Ubuntu
9.1 Install Samba
[email protected]:~# apt-get install samba 9.2 Change Configuration file
[email protected]:~# vi /etc/samba/smb.conf Append following configuration at the end of smb.conf
[share] path = /Deepinfar available=yes browseable = yes public = yes writeable = yes guest ok = no 9.3 Add root user into Samba user list
[email protected]:~# smbpasswd -a root
9.4 Restart Samba service and test from windows
[email protected]:~# smbd start From windows, you can access the share folder at \\192.168.2.102\share\ with root username and password.