How to replace (or strip) an extension from a filename in Python?

问题

Is there a built-in function in Python that would replace (or remove, whatever) the extension of a filename (if it has one) ?

Example:

print replace_extension('/home/user/somefile.txt', '.jpg')

In my example: /home/user/somefile.txt would become /home/user/somefile.jpg

I don't know if it matters, but I need this for a SCons module I'm writing. (So perhaps there is some SCons specific function I can use ?)

I'd like something clean. Doing a simple string replacement of all occurrences of .txt within the string is obviously not clean. (This would fail if my filename is somefile.txt.txt.txt)

回答1:

Try os.path.splitext it should do what you want.

import os
print os.path.splitext('/home/user/somefile.txt')[0]+'.jpg'

回答2:

Expanding on AnaPana's answer, how to remove an extension using pathlib (Python >= 3.4):

>>> from pathlib import Path

>>> filename = Path('/some/path/somefile.txt')

>>> filename_wo_ext = filename.with_suffix('')

>>> filename_replace_ext = filename.with_suffix('.jpg')

>>> print(filename)
/some/path/somefile.ext    

>>> print(filename_wo_ext)
/some/path/somefile

>>> print(filename_replace_ext)
/some/path/somefile.jpg

回答3:

As @jethro said, splitext is the neat way to do it. But in this case, it's pretty easy to split it yourself, since the extension must be the part of the filename coming after the final period:

filename = '/home/user/somefile.txt'
print( filename.rsplit( ".", 1 )[ 0 ] )
# '/home/user/somefile'

The rsplit tells Python to perform the string splits starting from the right of the string, and the 1 says to perform at most one split (so that e.g. 'foo.bar.baz' -> [ 'foo.bar', 'baz' ]). Since rsplit will always return a non-empty array, we may safely index 0 into it to get the filename minus the extension.

回答4:

I prefer the following one-liner approach using str.rsplit():

my_filename.rsplit('.', 1)[0] + '.jpg'

Example:

>>> my_filename = '/home/user/somefile.txt'
>>> my_filename.rsplit('.', 1)
>>> ['/home/user/somefile', 'txt']

回答5:

Another way to do is to use the str.rpartition(sep) method.

For example:

filename = '/home/user/somefile.txt'
(prefix, sep, suffix) = filename.rpartition('.')

new_filename = prefix + '.jpg'

print new_filename

回答6:

For Python >= 3.4:

from pathlib import Path

filename = '/home/user/somefile.txt'

p = Path(filename)
new_filename = p.parent.joinpath(p.stem + '.jpg') # PosixPath('/home/user/somefile.jpg')
new_filename_str = str(new_filename) # '/home/user/somefile.jpg'

回答7:

Handling multiple extensions

In the case where you have multiple extensions this one-liner using pathlib and str.replace works a treat:

Remove/strip extensions

>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> p = Path("/path/to/myfile.tar.gz")
>>> str(p).replace("".join(p.suffixes), "")
'/path/to/myfile'

Replace extensions

>>> p = Path("/path/to/myfile.tar.gz")
>>> new_ext = ".jpg"
>>> str(p).replace("".join(p.suffixes), new_ext)
'/path/to/myfile.jpg'

If you also want a pathlib object output then you can obviously wrap the line in Path()

>>> Path(str(p).replace("".join(p.suffixes), ""))
PosixPath('/path/to/myfile')

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3548673/how-to-replace-or-strip-an-extension-from-a-filename-in-python