问题
Does anybody know if Selenium (WebDriver preferably) is able to communicate with and act through a browser that is already running before launching a Selenium Client?
I mean if Selenium is able to comunicate with a browser without using the Selenium Server (with could be an Internet Explorer launched manually for example).
回答1:
This is a pretty old feature request: Allow webdriver to attach to a running browser . So it's officially not supported.
However, there is some working code which claims to support this: https://web.archive.org/web/20171214043703/http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/.
回答2:
This is a duplicate answer **Reconnect to a driver in python selenium ** This is applicable on all drivers and for java api.
open a driver
driver = webdriver.Firefox() #pythonextract to session_id and _url from driver object.
url = driver.command_executor._url #"http://127.0.0.1:60622/hub" session_id = driver.session_id #'4e167f26-dc1d-4f51-a207-f761eaf73c31'Use these two parameter to connect to your driver.
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=url,desired_capabilities={}) driver.session_id = session_idAnd you are connected to your driver again.
driver.get("http://www.mrsmart.in")
回答3:
This snippet successfully allows to reuse existing browser instance yet avoiding raising the duplicate browser. Found at Tarun Lalwani's blog.
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
# executor_url = driver.command_executor._url
# session_id = driver.session_id
def attach_to_session(executor_url, session_id):
original_execute = WebDriver.execute
def new_command_execute(self, command, params=None):
if command == "newSession":
# Mock the response
return {'success': 0, 'value': None, 'sessionId': session_id}
else:
return original_execute(self, command, params)
# Patch the function before creating the driver object
WebDriver.execute = new_command_execute
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=executor_url, desired_capabilities={})
driver.session_id = session_id
# Replace the patched function with original function
WebDriver.execute = original_execute
return driver
bro = attach_to_session('http://127.0.0.1:64092', '8de24f3bfbec01ba0d82a7946df1d1c3')
bro.get('http://ya.ru/')
回答4:
It is possible. But you have to hack it a little, there is a code What you have to do is to run stand alone server and "patch" RemoteWebDriver
public class CustomRemoteWebDriver : RemoteWebDriver
{
public static bool newSession;
public static string capPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionCap");
public static string sessiodIdPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "TestFiles", "tmp", "sessionid");
public CustomRemoteWebDriver(Uri remoteAddress)
: base(remoteAddress, new DesiredCapabilities())
{
}
protected override Response Execute(DriverCommand driverCommandToExecute, Dictionary<string, object> parameters)
{
if (driverCommandToExecute == DriverCommand.NewSession)
{
if (!newSession)
{
var capText = File.ReadAllText(capPath);
var sidText = File.ReadAllText(sessiodIdPath);
var cap = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Dictionary<string, object>>(capText);
return new Response
{
SessionId = sidText,
Value = cap
};
}
else
{
var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
var dictionary = (Dictionary<string, object>) response.Value;
File.WriteAllText(capPath, JsonConvert.SerializeObject(dictionary));
File.WriteAllText(sessiodIdPath, response.SessionId);
return response;
}
}
else
{
var response = base.Execute(driverCommandToExecute, parameters);
return response;
}
}
}
回答5:
All the solutions so far were lacking of certain functionality. Here is my solution:
public class AttachedWebDriver extends RemoteWebDriver {
public AttachedWebDriver(URL url, String sessionId) {
super();
setSessionId(sessionId);
setCommandExecutor(new HttpCommandExecutor(url) {
@Override
public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
if (command.getName() != "newSession") {
return super.execute(command);
}
return super.execute(new Command(getSessionId(), "getCapabilities"));
}
});
startSession(new DesiredCapabilities());
}
}
回答6:
Javascript solution:
I have successfully attached to existing browser session using this function
webdriver.WebDriver.attachToSession(executor, session_id);
Documentation can be found here.
回答7:
It appears that this feature is not officially supported by selenium. But, Tarun Lalwani has created working Java code to provide the feature. Refer - http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium-java/
Here is the working sample code, copied from the above link:
public static RemoteWebDriver createDriverFromSession(final SessionId sessionId, URL command_executor){
CommandExecutor executor = new HttpCommandExecutor(command_executor) {
@Override
public Response execute(Command command) throws IOException {
Response response = null;
if (command.getName() == "newSession") {
response = new Response();
response.setSessionId(sessionId.toString());
response.setStatus(0);
response.setValue(Collections.<String, String>emptyMap());
try {
Field commandCodec = null;
commandCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("commandCodec");
commandCodec.setAccessible(true);
commandCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpCommandCodec());
Field responseCodec = null;
responseCodec = this.getClass().getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("responseCodec");
responseCodec.setAccessible(true);
responseCodec.set(this, new W3CHttpResponseCodec());
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
response = super.execute(command);
}
return response;
}
};
return new RemoteWebDriver(executor, new DesiredCapabilities());
}
public static void main(String [] args) {
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
HttpCommandExecutor executor = (HttpCommandExecutor) driver.getCommandExecutor();
URL url = executor.getAddressOfRemoteServer();
SessionId session_id = driver.getSessionId();
RemoteWebDriver driver2 = createDriverFromSession(session_id, url);
driver2.get("http://tarunlalwani.com");
}
Your test needs to have a RemoteWebDriver created from an existing browser session. To create that Driver, you only need to know the "session info", i.e. address of the server (local in our case) where the browser is running and the browser session id. To get these details, we can create one browser session with selenium, open the desired page, and then finally run the actual test script.
I don't know if there is a way to get session info for a session which was not created by selenium.
Here is an example of session info:
Address of remote server : http://localhost:24266. The port number is different for each session. Session Id : 534c7b561aacdd6dc319f60fed27d9d6.
回答8:
Inspired by Eric's answer, here is my solution to this problem for selenium 3.7.0. Compared with the solution at http://tarunlalwani.com/post/reusing-existing-browser-session-selenium/, the advantage is that there won't be a blank browser window each time I connect to the existing session.
import warnings
from selenium.common.exceptions import WebDriverException
from selenium.webdriver.remote.errorhandler import ErrorHandler
from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector
from selenium.webdriver.remote.mobile import Mobile
from selenium.webdriver.remote.remote_connection import RemoteConnection
from selenium.webdriver.remote.switch_to import SwitchTo
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver
# This webdriver can directly attach to an existing session.
class AttachableWebDriver(WebDriver):
def __init__(self, command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=None, browser_profile=None, proxy=None,
keep_alive=False, file_detector=None, session_id=None):
"""
Create a new driver that will issue commands using the wire protocol.
:Args:
- command_executor - Either a string representing URL of the remote server or a custom
remote_connection.RemoteConnection object. Defaults to 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'.
- desired_capabilities - A dictionary of capabilities to request when
starting the browser session. Required parameter.
- browser_profile - A selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object.
Only used if Firefox is requested. Optional.
- proxy - A selenium.webdriver.common.proxy.Proxy object. The browser session will
be started with given proxy settings, if possible. Optional.
- keep_alive - Whether to configure remote_connection.RemoteConnection to use
HTTP keep-alive. Defaults to False.
- file_detector - Pass custom file detector object during instantiation. If None,
then default LocalFileDetector() will be used.
"""
if desired_capabilities is None:
raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities can't be None")
if not isinstance(desired_capabilities, dict):
raise WebDriverException("Desired Capabilities must be a dictionary")
if proxy is not None:
warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set proxy",
DeprecationWarning)
proxy.add_to_capabilities(desired_capabilities)
self.command_executor = command_executor
if type(self.command_executor) is bytes or isinstance(self.command_executor, str):
self.command_executor = RemoteConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive)
self.command_executor._commands['GET_SESSION'] = ('GET', '/session/$sessionId') # added
self._is_remote = True
self.session_id = session_id # added
self.capabilities = {}
self.error_handler = ErrorHandler()
self.start_client()
if browser_profile is not None:
warnings.warn("Please use FirefoxOptions to set browser profile",
DeprecationWarning)
if session_id:
self.connect_to_session(desired_capabilities) # added
else:
self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
self._switch_to = SwitchTo(self)
self._mobile = Mobile(self)
self.file_detector = file_detector or LocalFileDetector()
self.w3c = True # added hardcoded
def connect_to_session(self, desired_capabilities):
response = self.execute('GET_SESSION', {
'desiredCapabilities': desired_capabilities,
'sessionId': self.session_id,
})
# self.session_id = response['sessionId']
self.capabilities = response['value']
To use it:
if use_existing_session:
browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER),
session_id=session_id)
self.logger.info("Using existing browser with session id {}".format(session_id))
else:
browser = AttachableWebDriver(command_executor=('http://%s:4444/wd/hub' % ip),
desired_capabilities=(DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER))
self.logger.info('New session_id : {}'.format(browser.session_id))
回答9:
I got a solution in python, I modified the webdriver class bassed on PersistenBrowser class that I found.
https://github.com/axelPalmerin/personal/commit/fabddb38a39f378aa113b0cb8d33391d5f91dca5
replace the webdriver module /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py
Ej. to use:
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
runDriver = sys.argv[1]
sessionId = sys.argv[2]
def setBrowser():
if eval(runDriver):
webdriver = w.Remote(command_executor='http://localhost:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME,
)
else:
webdriver = w.Remote(command_executor='http://localhost:4444/wd/hub',
desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME,
session_id=sessionId)
url = webdriver.command_executor._url
session_id = webdriver.session_id
print url
print session_id
return webdriver
回答10:
I'm using Rails + Cucumber + Selenium Webdriver + PhantomJS, and I've been using a monkey-patched version of Selenium Webdriver, which keeps PhantomJS browser open between test runs. See this blog post: http://blog.sharetribe.com/2014/04/07/faster-cucumber-startup-keep-phantomjs-browser-open-between-tests/
See also my answer to this post: How do I execute a command on already opened browser from a ruby file
回答11:
This is pretty easy using the JavaScript selenium-webdriver client:
First, make sure you have a WebDriver server running. For example, download ChromeDriver, then run chromedriver --port=9515.
Second, create the driver like this:
var driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
.usingServer('http://localhost:9515') // <- this
.build();
Here's a complete example:
var webdriver = require('selenium-webdriver');
var driver = new webdriver.Builder()
.withCapabilities(webdriver.Capabilities.chrome())
.usingServer('http://localhost:9515')
.build();
driver.get('http://www.google.com');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('q')).sendKeys('webdriver');
driver.findElement(webdriver.By.name('btnG')).click();
driver.getTitle().then(function(title) {
console.log(title);
});
driver.quit();
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8344776/can-selenium-interact-with-an-existing-browser-session