I have three dicts, one providing a list of all the available options, and two providing a subset of choices (one set for defaults and one for user choices). I get the three dicts using python's built in JSON parser.
I want display, in a UI, a tree on the left that is based on the keys in the dicts, on the right I would like to display either a combobox, a button, a listbox or some other appropriate widget to manipulate the data for that key. I need the tree since I'm really working with a dict of dicts and I want to allow folding.
So far I have looked into tkinter, tkinter's ttk and tix libraries and they allow trees but don't allow configurable lists on the right it seems. I've also seen some examples where the tree is borrowed from python's IDLE.
- Is there a GUI toolkit that provides such functionality or is there no such thing and I have to design my own ?
- If I have to design my own is there any GUI toolkit that you would recommend over tk ?
- Is there a basic tutorial on GUI design for the recommended toolkit if it doens't provide this kind of thing ?
I'd prefer it if the GUI toolkit was cross platform compatible (*nix and win) and free to distribute if possible. Out of interest is there a tutorial on creating custom widgets with tk, I have tried looking but I keep getting directed to tk's widget use instead of widget design :s
As a minimal example I've dropped the extra dicts for now and have the following :
import json
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from pprint import pprint as pprint
def JSONTree(Tree, Parent, Dictionery, TagList = []):
for key in Dictionery :
if isinstance(Dictionery[key],dict):
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', key, text = key)
TagList.append(key)
JSONTree(Tree, key, Dictionery[key], TagList)
pprint(TagList)
elif isinstance(Dictionery[key],list):
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', key, text = key) # Still working on this
else :
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', key, text = key, value = Dictionery[key])
if __name__ == "__main__" :
# Setup the root UI
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("JSON editor")
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
# Setup Data
Data = {"firstName": "John",
"lastName": "Smith",
"gender": "man",
"age": 32,
"address": {"streetAddress": "21 2nd Street",
"city": "New York",
"state": "NY",
"postalCode": "10021"},
"phoneNumbers": [{ "type": "home", "number": "212 555-1234" },
{ "type": "fax", "number": "646 555-4567" }]}
# Setup the Frames
TreeFrame = ttk.Frame(root, padding = "3")
TreeFrame.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tk.NSEW)
# Setup the Tree
tree = ttk.Treeview(TreeFrame, columns = ('Values'))
tree.column('Values', width = 100, anchor = 'center')
tree.heading('Values', text = 'Values')
JSONTree(tree, '', Data)
tree.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand = 1)
# Limit windows minimum dimensions
root.update_idletasks()
root.minsize(root.winfo_reqwidth(),root.winfo_reqheight())
root.mainloop()
OK, so it's not really pretty, nor would I feel very good about putting code like this into production, but it does work. To make it more sane and production quality, I'd probably make JSONTree a class with all this code wrapped up into methods. This would allow some simplification and cleanup of the code and a little less passing around of objects to event handlers.
import json
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk
from pprint import pprint as pprint
# opt_name: (from_, to, increment)
IntOptions = {
'age': (1.0, 200.0, 1.0),
}
def close_ed(parent, edwin):
parent.focus_set()
edwin.destroy()
def set_cell(edwin, w, tvar):
value = tvar.get()
w.item(w.focus(), values=(value,))
close_ed(w, edwin)
def edit_cell(e):
w = e.widget
if w and len(w.item(w.focus(), 'values')) > 0:
edwin = tk.Toplevel(e.widget)
edwin.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", lambda: close_ed(w, edwin))
edwin.grab_set()
edwin.overrideredirect(1)
opt_name = w.focus()
(x, y, width, height) = w.bbox(opt_name, 'Values')
edwin.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, w.winfo_rootx() + x, w.winfo_rooty() + y))
value = w.item(opt_name, 'values')[0]
tvar = tk.StringVar()
tvar.set(str(value))
ed = None
if opt_name in IntOptions:
constraints = IntOptions[opt_name]
ed = tk.Spinbox(edwin, from_=constraints[0], to=constraints[1],
increment=constraints[2], textvariable=tvar)
else:
ed = tk.Entry(edwin, textvariable=tvar)
if ed:
ed.config(background='LightYellow')
#ed.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=(tk.N, tk.S, tk.W, tk.E))
ed.pack()
ed.focus_set()
edwin.bind('<Return>', lambda e: set_cell(edwin, w, tvar))
edwin.bind('<Escape>', lambda e: close_ed(w, edwin))
def JSONTree(Tree, Parent, Dictionery, TagList=[]):
for key in Dictionery :
if isinstance(Dictionery[key], dict):
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', key, text=key)
TagList.append(key)
JSONTree(Tree, key, Dictionery[key], TagList)
pprint(TagList)
elif isinstance(Dictionery[key], list):
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', key, text=key) # Still working on this
else:
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', key, text=key, value=Dictionery[key])
if __name__ == "__main__" :
# Setup the root UI
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("JSON editor")
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
# Setup Data
Data = {
"firstName": "John",
"lastName": "Smith",
"gender": "man",
"age": 32,
"address": {
"streetAddress": "21 2nd Street",
"city": "New York",
"state": "NY",
"postalCode": "10021"},
"phoneNumbers": [
{ "type": "home", "number": "212 555-1234" },
{ "type": "fax", "number": "646 555-4567" },
]}
# Setup the Frames
TreeFrame = ttk.Frame(root, padding="3")
TreeFrame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
# Setup the Tree
tree = ttk.Treeview(TreeFrame, columns=('Values'))
tree.column('Values', width=100, anchor='center')
tree.heading('Values', text='Values')
tree.bind('<Double-1>', edit_cell)
tree.bind('<Return>', edit_cell)
JSONTree(tree, '', Data)
tree.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
# Limit windows minimum dimensions
root.update_idletasks()
root.minsize(root.winfo_reqwidth(), root.winfo_reqheight())
root.mainloop()
I've modified John Gaines Jr.'s answer to handle lists. I didn't need editing or the Taglist for what I'm doing so I removed them. They could certainly be added back. Since lists can introduce duplication of keys, I replaced the keys with UUIDs while still showing the original key as text on the left side of the treeview.
import json
import uuid
import Tkinter as tk
import ttk
from pprint import pprint as pprint
def JSONTree(Tree, Parent, Dictionary):
for key in Dictionary :
uid = uuid.uuid4()
if isinstance(Dictionary[key], dict):
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', uid, text=key)
JSONTree(Tree, uid, Dictionary[key])
elif isinstance(Dictionary[key], list):
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', uid, text=key + '[]')
JSONTree(Tree,
uid,
dict([(i, x) for i, x in enumerate(Dictionary[key])]))
else:
value = Dictionary[key]
if isinstance(value, str) or isinstance(value, unicode):
value = value.replace(' ', '_')
Tree.insert(Parent, 'end', uid, text=key, value=value)
if __name__ == "__main__" :
# Setup the root UI
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("JSON editor")
root.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
# Setup Data
Data = {
"firstName": "John",
"lastName": "Smith",
"gender": "male",
"age": 32,
"address": {
"streetAddress": "21 2nd Street",
"city": "New York",
"state": "NY",
"postalCode": "10021"},
"phoneNumbers": [
{"type": "home", "number": "212 555-1234" },
{"type": "fax",
"number": "646 555-4567",
"alphabet": [
"abc",
"def",
"ghi"]
}
]}
# Setup the Frames
TreeFrame = ttk.Frame(root, padding="3")
TreeFrame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.NSEW)
# Setup the Tree
tree = ttk.Treeview(TreeFrame, columns=('Values'))
tree.column('Values', width=100, anchor='center')
tree.heading('Values', text='Values')
JSONTree(tree, '', Data)
tree.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=1)
# Limit windows minimum dimensions
root.update_idletasks()
root.minsize(root.winfo_reqwidth(), root.winfo_reqheight())
root.mainloop()
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8574070/python-display-a-dict-of-dicts-using-a-ui-tree-for-the-keys-and-any-other-widg