Can I add to a generic collection of type A values of type B ,which extends A, without any special syntax?

问题

public class Stack<E> {
    public Stack () {....}
    public void push (E e) {....}
    public E pop () {....}
    public boolean isEmpty(){....}
}

public void pushAll (Collection<E> src) {
    for (E e: src){
        push(e)
    }
}

I don't understand what will the problem if I'll write

Stack<number> numberStack = new Stack<Number>();
Collection<Integer> integers=...
numberStack.pushAll(integers);

Integer extends Number, so I can add a collection of Integers to numberStack. But I was told that this is an error compilation- Why?

回答1:

Your code specified that it only accepts a Collection with the same type parameter as the Stack has.

You should write the pushAll method like this:

public void pushAll (Collection<? extends E> src)

This means that you expect a Collection of some type that extends E (i.e. you don't care what specific type it is, but it must be E or some sub-type of it).

Look at the definition of Collection.addAll(): it's defined in the same way.

回答2:

the problem is that you have two types but only one generic representation (E) so E is Number as well as Integer. Thats confusing him. You need to have the same type for the collection. Rewrite it to

pushAll(Collection<K> src) 

and cast K to E.

回答3:

This problem is due the fact that collections in java are not covariant. There are numerous question on SO about it, such as this one.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7254820/can-i-add-to-a-generic-collection-of-type-a-values-of-type-b-which-extends-a-w