1.准备
1.准备服务
与微信对接的url要具备以下条件:
(1)在公网上能够访问
(2)端口只支持80端口
在这里如果是公网能够访问的服务最好,也可以通过花生壳或者其他外网映射工具进行映射,比如ngrok。
2.数据交互原理
开发模式与编辑模式是互斥的,打开开发模式的时候,编辑模式的自动回复与自定义菜单失效;打开编辑模式的自动回复或者自定义菜单的时候开发模式会失效。

开发模式的数据交互原理如下:

我们需要开发的任务就是维信公众号服务器,包括业务逻辑、身份验证等操作。
2.接入后台
参考公众号开发文档: 开发->开发者工具-》开发者文档,里面有类似于对接钉钉的文档,有接入指南以及其他接口文档。
https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Overview.html
1. 第一步:填写服务器配置

2 第二步:验证消息的确来自微信服务器(在自己的微信服务器进行验证)
开发者提交信息后,微信服务器将发送GET请求到填写的服务器地址URL上,GET请求携带参数如下表所示:

开发者通过检验signature对请求进行校验(下面有校验方式)。若确认此次GET请求来自微信服务器,请原样返回echostr参数内容,则接入生效,成为开发者成功,否则接入失败。加密/校验流程如下:
1)将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序 2)将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密 3)开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比,标识该请求来源于微信
SpringMVC接收代码如下:
package cn.qlq.controller.weixin;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import cn.qlq.controller.UserController;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.WeixinCheckUtils;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("weixin")
public class WeixinController {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("index")
public String index(@RequestParam(required = false) String signature,
@RequestParam(required = false) String timestamp, @RequestParam(required = false) String nonce,
@RequestParam(required = false) String echostr) {
logger.debug("signature: {}, timestamp: {}, nonce: {}, echostr: {}", signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);
if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(signature, timestamp, nonce)
&& WeixinCheckUtils.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
return echostr;
}
return "error";
}
}
验证工具如下:
package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class WeixinCheckUtils {
// token,与微信公众号后台的一致
private static final String token = "devqiaolq";
public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {
String[] arr = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce };
// 排序
Arrays.sort(arr);
// 生成字符串
StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
content.append(arr[i]);
}
// sha1加密
String temp = getSha1(content.toString());
return temp.equals(signature);
}
public static String getSha1(String str) {
if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
return null;
}
char hexDigits[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };
try {
MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
mdTemp.update(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();
int j = md.length;
char buf[] = new char[j * 2];
int k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
byte byte0 = md[i];
buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
}
return new String(buf);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
}
注意:如果有登录过滤器,记得在过滤器中放行微信请求.
3. 第三步:依据接口文档实现业务逻辑
1. 首先需要启用开发者模式:(启用开发者模式之后自己的自定义菜单就不会生效)

2. 接收与响应文字消息
当普通微信用户向公众账号发消息时,微信服务器将POST消息的XML数据包到开发者填写的URL上。
文本消息的xml数据格式如下:
<xml> <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName> <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName> <CreateTime>1348831860</CreateTime> <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType> <Content><![CDATA[this is a test]]></Content> <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId> </xml>
参数解释:
| 参数 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| ToUserName | 开发者微信号 |
| FromUserName | 发送方帐号(一个OpenID) |
| CreateTime | 消息创建时间 (整型) |
| MsgType | 消息类型,文本为text |
| Content | 文本消息内容 |
| MsgId | 消息id,64位整型 |
(1)建立后台对应的TextMessage实体类:
package cn.qlq.bean.weixin;
public class TextMessage {
/**
* 开发者微信号
*/
private String ToUserName;
/**
* 发送方帐号(一个OpenID)
*/
private String FromUserName;
/**
* 消息创建时间 (整型)
*/
private long CreateTime;
/**
* text
*/
private String MsgType;
/**
* 文本消息内容
*/
private String Content;
/**
* 消息id,64位整型
*/
private String MsgId;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "TextMessage{" + "ToUserName='" + ToUserName + '\'' + ", FromUserName='" + FromUserName + '\''
+ ", CreateTime=" + CreateTime + ", MsgType='" + MsgType + '\'' + ", Content='" + Content + '\''
+ ", MsgId='" + MsgId + '\'' + '}';
}
public String getToUserName() {
return ToUserName;
}
public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
ToUserName = toUserName;
}
public String getFromUserName() {
return FromUserName;
}
public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
FromUserName = fromUserName;
}
public long getCreateTime() {
return CreateTime;
}
public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {
CreateTime = createTime;
}
public String getMsgType() {
return MsgType;
}
public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
MsgType = msgType;
}
public String getContent() {
return Content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
Content = content;
}
public String getMsgId() {
return MsgId;
}
public void setMsgId(String msgId) {
MsgId = msgId;
}
}
(2)编写工具类实现xml(接收的是xml格式的数据)转map和TextMessage对象转换成xml(响应数据格式为xml)
pom加入:
<!--微信转换XML所需包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>dom4j</groupId>
<artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
<version>1.6.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.thoughtworks.xstream/xstream -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
<artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
<version>1.4.10</version>
</dependency>
工具类:
package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.TextMessage;
public class MessageUtils {
/**
* xml数据转map
*
* @param request
* @return
* @throws IOException
* @throws DocumentException
*/
public static Map<String, String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException, DocumentException {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
Document document = reader.read(inputStream);
Element root = document.getRootElement();
List<Element> list = root.elements();
for (Element element : list) {
map.put(element.getName(), element.getText());
}
inputStream.close();
return map;
}
/**
* 将文本消息对象转换成xml
*
* @param textMessage
* @return
*/
public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {
XStream xStream = new XStream();
// 将xml的根元素替换成xml
xStream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());
return xStream.toXML(textMessage);
}
}
(3)重写Controller接收消息和响应消息
package cn.qlq.controller.weixin;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.TextMessage;
import cn.qlq.controller.UserController;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.MessageUtils;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.WeixinCheckUtils;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("weixin")
public class WeixinController {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);
@RequestMapping(value = "index", method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST })
public void index(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
// 将请求、响应的编码均设置为UTF-8(防止中文乱码)
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 微信服务器POST消息时用的是UTF-8编码,在接收时也要用同样的编码,否则中文会乱码;
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 在响应消息(回复消息给用户)时,也将编码方式设置为UTF-8,原理同上;
String method = request.getMethod().toLowerCase();
logger.info("method: {}", method);
// 验证是否是微信请求
if ("get".equals(method)) {
doGet(request, response);
return;
}
// POST请求接收消息,且给客户响应消息
doPost(request, response);
}
/**
* Post请求用于接收消息且处理消息之后回传消息
*
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
try {
Map<String, String> map = MessageUtils.xmlToMap(request);
String fromUserName = map.get("FromUserName");
String toUserName = map.get("ToUserName");
String msgType = map.get("MsgType");
String content = map.get("Content");
logger.info("map: {}", map);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(content)) {
System.out.println("接收的的消息为:" + content + ",你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他");
}
String message = null;
if ("text".equals(msgType)) {
TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage();
// 回传消息,所以讲fromuser和toUser交换
textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
textMessage.setMsgType(msgType);
textMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
textMessage.setContent("您发送的消息为: " + content);
logger.info("textMessage: {}", textMessage);
message = MessageUtils.textMessageToXml(textMessage);
}
out.print(message);// 把消息发送到客户端
} catch (DocumentException e) {
logger.error("dispose post request error", e);
} finally {
out.close();
}
}
/**
* Get请求用于微信配置验证
*
* @param request
* @param response
* @throws IOException
*/
private void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");// 微信加密签名
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");// 时间戳
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");// 随机数
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");// 随机字符串
logger.info("signature: {}, timestamp: {}, nonce: {}, echostr: {}", signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);
if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(signature, timestamp, nonce)
&& WeixinCheckUtils.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
response.getWriter().write(echostr);
}
}
}
测试:

Java服务器日志如下:
2019-10-23 23:34:15.625 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : method: post
2019-10-23 23:34:15.633 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : map: {MsgId=22503405793257008, FromUserName=o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo, CreateTime=1571844638, Content=怎么了, ToUserName=gh_fc4bd5c2fda8, MsgType=text}
接收的的消息为:怎么了,你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他
2019-10-23 23:34:15.635 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : textMessage: TextMessage{ToUserName='o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo', FromUserName='gh_fc4bd5c2fda8', CreateTime=1571844855635, MsgType='text', Content='您发送的消息为: 怎么了', MsgId='null'}
2019-10-23 23:34:20.288 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : method: post
2019-10-23 23:34:20.295 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : map: {MsgId=22503406289173072, FromUserName=o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo, CreateTime=1571844642, Content=什么意思, ToUserName=gh_fc4bd5c2fda8, MsgType=text}
接收的的消息为:什么意思,你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他
2019-10-23 23:34:20.296 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : textMessage: TextMessage{ToUserName='o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo', FromUserName='gh_fc4bd5c2fda8', CreateTime=1571844860296, MsgType='text', Content='您发送的消息为: 什么意思', MsgId='null'}