cbo

Oracle数据库中的优化器又叫查询优化器（Query Optimizer）。它是SQL分析和执行的优化工具，它负责生成、制定SQL的执行计划。Oracle的优化器有两种，基于规则的优化器（RBO）与基于代价的优化器（CBO) RBO: Rule-Based Optimization 基于规则的优化器 CBO: Cost-Based Optimization 基于代价的优化器 RBO自ORACLE 6以来被采用，一直沿用至ORACLE 9i. ORACLE 10g开始，ORACLE已经彻底丢弃了RBO，它有着一套严格的使用规则，只要你按照它去写SQL语句，无论数据表中的内容怎样，也不会影响到你的“执行计划”，也就是说RBO对数据不“敏感”；它根据ORACLE指定的优先顺序规则，对指定的表进行执行计划的选择。比如在规则中，索引的优先级大于全表扫描;RBO是根据可用的访问路径以及访问路径等级来选择执行计划，在RBO中，SQL的写法往往会影响执行计划，它要求开发人员非常了解RBO的各项细则，菜鸟写出来的SQL脚本性能可能非常差。随着RBO的被遗弃，渐渐不为人所知。也许只有老一辈的DBA对其了解得比较深入。关于RBO的访问路径，官方文档做了详细介绍： RBO Path 1: Single Row by Rowid RBO Path 2: Single Row by Cluster Join

I'm dealing with a Postgres table (called "lives") that contains records with columns for time_stamp, usr_id, transaction_id, and lives_remaining. I need a query that will give me the most recent lives_remaining total for each usr_id There are multiple users (distinct usr_id's) time_stamp is not a unique identifier: sometimes user events (one by row in the table) will occur with the same time_stamp. trans_id is unique only for very small time ranges: over time it repeats remaining_lives (for a given user) can both increase and decrease over time example: time_stamp|lives_remaining|usr_id|trans