I have a wordpress site with titles, and if the title has more than 50 characters I need to add an ellipsis (...) at the end of the title and stop the title at 50 characters. Be
echo (strlen(the_title())>50) ? (substr(the_title(), 0, 50) . "...") : the_title());
This is a ternary operator.  What it basically says is if the result from the_title() is more than 50 characters, then echo the first 50 characters and then the string ....  Otherwise, just echo the result from the_title().
You can read more about substr here:  http://php.net/manual/en/function.substr.php
You can find info on the ternary operator here: http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.comparison.php
WordPress has built in function "wp_trim_words()" to trim the sentences based on the number of words you provide, If you want to trim by words then this function may help you.
https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/wp_trim_words
to trim the title longer than 5 words you can do this
<?php
$title = get_the_title();
$short_title = wp_trim_words( $title, 5, '...' );
echo '<h3>'.$short_title.'</h3>';
?>
use 'strlen'
eg: 
  <?php echo ((strlen(get_the_title())>50) ? (substr(get_the_title(), 0, 50) . "...") : get_the_title())?>