My Spring Boot application runs with 3 configurations:
You can do the following if you only have one profile active at a time.
<div th:if="${@environment.getActiveProfiles()[0] == 'production'}">
  This is the production profile - do whatever you want in here
</div>
The code above is based on the fact that the Thymeleaf's Spring dialect lets you access beans using the @ symbol.  And of course the Environment object is always available as a Spring bean.
Also note that Environment has the method getActiveProfiles() which returns an array of Strings (that is why [0] is used in my answer) which we can call using standard Spring EL.
If more than one profiles are active at a time, a more robust solution would be to use Thymeleaf's #arrays utility object in order to check for the presence of the string production in the active profiles. The code in that case would be:
<div th:if="${#arrays.contains(@environment.getActiveProfiles(),'production')}">
     This is the production profile
</div>
Simply add this class which allows to set global variables for views:
@ControllerAdvice
public class BuildPropertiesController {
    @Autowired
    private Environment env;
    @ModelAttribute("isProd")
    public boolean isProd() {
        return Arrays.asList(env.getActiveProfiles()).contains("production");
    }
}
And then use ${isProd} variable in your thymeleaf file:
<div th:if="${isProd}">
     This is the production profile
</div>
Or you can set active profile name as a global variable:
@ControllerAdvice
public class BuildPropertiesController {
    @Autowired
    private Environment env;
    @ModelAttribute("profile")
    public String activeProfile() {
        return env.getActiveProfiles()[0];
    }
}
And then use ${profile} variable in your thymeleaf file (if you have one active profile):
<div>
     This is the <span th:text="${profile}"></span> profile
</div>