There are 2 SQL Server tables:
Products:
Name               Status Code
------------------------------------
Product 1          1001, 10         
        You can try this. I used a temporary table but you can use any means you want
SELECT p.Product , p.Status , s.Description INTO #tmp FROM ( SELECT Name Product, TRIM(value ) Status FROM tblProduct CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(TRIM(StatusCode), ',') ) p JOIN tblStatus s ON s.Code = p.Status
select distinct Product , stuff(( select ',' + tmp2.Description from #tmp tmp2 where tmp2.Product = tmp1.Product order by tmp2.Product for xml path('') ) ,1,1,'') as StatusCode from #tmp tmp1 group by Product
Below Query will help to make any comma separated to list.
SELECT A.OtherID, 
       Split.a.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)') AS Data
FROM 
(
    SELECT OtherID, 
           CAST ('<M>' + REPLACE(Data, ',', '</M><M>') + '</M>' AS XML) AS Data 
    FROM  Table1
) AS A CROSS APPLY Data.nodes ('/M') AS Split(a)
                                                                        You can use a query like below:
See working demo
create table Products (Name varchar(100), [Status Code] varchar(100));
insert into Products values
('Product 1', '1001, 1003')
,('Product 2', '1001, 1005, 1006');
create table [Status] (Code varchar(100),      Description varchar(100));
insert into [Status] values
('1001',   'State A')
,('1003',   'State B')
,('1005',   'State C')
,('1006',   'State D')
; WITH X AS 
(
    SELECT 
     P1.Name,
     S.Description
    FROM
     (
     SELECT *,
     cast('<X>'+replace(P.[Status Code],',','</X><X>')+'</X>' as XML) AS xmlprods FROM Products P
     )P1
     CROSS APPLY
     ( 
     SELECT fdata.D.value('.','varchar(100)') AS splitdata 
     FROM P1.xmlprods.nodes('X') AS fdata(D)) O
     LEFT JOIN [Status] S
     ON S.Code=  LTRIM(RTRIM(O.splitdata ))
    ) 
SELECT 
    Name,
    Description= STUFF((
  SELECT ',' + Description FROM x AS x2 
  WHERE x2.Name = x.Name
  ORDER BY Name FOR XML PATH, 
  TYPE).value(N'.[1]',N'varchar(max)'), 1, 1, '')
  FROM 
  X
GROUP BY Name