I have a ComboBox like this
I used x:Bind for the ItemResource and added ViewModel inside code behind, and solved this problem.
You ComboBox isn't blank, but it don't know how to render your MaxXXAgeMembers. You should use ItemTemplate to tell this to him. For Ex:
<ComboBox
Grid.Column="1"
Padding="5,0,0,0"
SelectedValue="{Binding MaxXXAge, Mode=TwoWay, Converter={StaticResource MaxXXAgeToMaxXXAgeMemberConverter}}"
ItemsSource="{Binding ElementName=SettingsXXScrollViewer, Path=DataContext.MaxXXAgeMemberGroup, Mode=OneWay}">
<ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding Description}" />
</DataTemplate>
</ComboBox.ItemTemplate>
</ComboBox>
It's blank because you don't have anything selected in the first place. If I'm not mistaken, you have to either use SelectedItem to bind your selection or SelectedValue with SelectedValuePath.
I actually never use SelectedValue with SelectedValuePath myself, so after initializing collection of items which ComboBox.ItemSource will be binded to - for example ObservableCollection<Person> Persons {get; set;} - I also set selected item property Person SelectedPerson {get; set;} to one of the values from collection. Then I bind ComboBox.SelectedItem to this property, so on initialization it shows predefined selected value.
I guess you can achieve the same with SelectedValue and SelectedValuePath, but you have to use them together as described here.