I have the following lines in my Gemfile:
gem \'rails\', \'3.1.1\'
group :production do
gem \'pg\'
end
group :development, :test do
Hoppla. I made quite a silly mistake here. I was currently working on a branch but I pushed the master branch to Herokum, like I was used to.
So git push heroku master did push an old version of the branch, which did of course not contain my changes to the Gemfile.
I had sqlite3 in development block, but I had recently installed mailcatcher, a useful gem to catch sent emails and display them to you in your browser.
mailcatcher has sqlite3 as a dependency. Moving it back where it belongs fixed the problem:
group :development, :test do
gem 'sqlite3'
gem 'mailcatcher'
end
If you have this error but are sure you do not include sqlite3 outside of the development mode, look for other gem requiring it.