I am trying to obtain a list of all currently running processes on a windows machine.
I am trying it with winapi calls via JNA to EnumProcesses -> OpenProcess -> G
Calling OpenProcess with PROCESS_VM_READ means that you want to read the memory of that process. To do this, you need the SE_DEBUG_PRIVLEGE. Your application doesn't have that privilege which is why you are getting access denied.
Check the MSDN article for ReadProcessMemory. There is some community content on how to acquire that privilege.