I have an SVG logo defined as a symbol like so:
Unfortunately it is the dimensions of the <svg> element that appears in your <header> that is important. There is no way to inherit a viewBox from a child symbol reference.
You would need to copy the viewBox (width and height) from the symbol.
.Header-logo {
height: 5rem;
}
.Header-logo2 {
height: 8rem;
}
<svg class="SpriteSheet" width="0" height="0">
<symbol id="icon-logo" viewBox="-12 -79.61 407.19 108.36">
<path id="logo-upperLeft" d="M0-67.61l83.66 0 0-10 -93.66 0 0 30.92 10 0Z" transform="translate(-2 -2)"></path>
<path id="logo-upperRight" d="M383.19-67.61l-83.66 0 0-10 93.66 0 0 30.92 -10 0Z" transform="translate(2 -2)"></path>
<path id="logo-lowerLeft" d="M0 16.75l83.66 0 0 10 -93.66 0 0-30.92 10 0Z" transform="translate(-2 2)"></path>
<path id="logo-lowerRight" d="M383.19 16.75l-83.66 0 0 10 93.66 0 0-30.92 -10 0Z" transform="translate(2 2)"></path>
</symbol>
</svg>
<header class="Header">
<h1 class="Header-headline">
<a href="/">
<svg class="Header-logo" viewBox="0 0 407.19 108.36">
<use xlink:href="#icon-logo"></use>
</svg>
</a>
</h1>
</header>
<header class="Header">
<h1 class="Header-headline">
<a href="/">
<svg class="Header-logo2" viewBox="0 0 407.19 108.36">
<use xlink:href="#icon-logo"></use>
</svg>
</a>
</h1>
</header>