Just as the question asks - I\'m trying to figure out whether or not it\'s possible to use some kind of pattern or repeated background image for the stroke of an SVG path.
You can use a <pattern>
as a stroke e.g.
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<defs>
<pattern id="p1" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse" width="32" height="32">
<image xlink:href="http://phrogz.net/tmp/alphaball-small.png" width="32" height="32" />
</pattern>
</defs>
<rect stroke-width="32" stroke="url(#p1)" width="200" height="200" fill="none"/>
</svg>
The pattern can contain <svg>
drawing elements or (as here) an image, or both.
You can use the property stroke-dasharray for "patterns" in the stroke:
<line stroke-dasharray="5, 5" x1="10" y1="10" x2="190" y2="10" />
With this you can specify the length of strokes and gaps between. For some examples have a look at the MDN example page.