I seem to be seeing examples, where people answer to questions how to get some specific behavior from components by adding CSS code, however nobody seems to explain how to u
You can create you own custom theme. See https://vaadin.com/book/-/page/themes.creating.html how to do that.
In this theme you have a css style sheet where you can put your rules.
On every Component you can use the addStyleName function to add an additional class name:
Table table = new Table("MyCaption");
table.addStyleName("mystyle");
Now you can use this in your style sheet:
@import "../reindeer/styles.css";
.mystyle{
overflow: hidden !important;
}