When you write
value = condition ? null : 1.0;
the type of condition ? null : 1.0 must be a reference type, so the type is Double, which can hold the value null.
When you write
value = condition ? getDouble() : 1.0;
and getDouble() returns null, it's equivalent to writing:
value = condition ? ((Double) null) : 1.0;
In this case the compiler sees a Double and a double as the 2nd and 3rd arguments of the ternary conditional operator, and decides that type of the expression should be double. Therefore it unboxes the null to double, getting NullPointerException.
The type of the conditional ternary operator is determined by some tables in JLS 15.25.
If the 2nd and 3rd operands are null and double, the conditional expression type is the least upper bound of Double and null, which is Double.
If the 2nd and 3rd operands are Double and double, the conditional expression type is double.
