Pass host environment variables to dockerfile

Question

How can I pass a host environment variable (like user and hostname) to a dockerfile?

For example, if my username is taha:

echo $USER
tah         


        

Answer 1

When you start your docker container you can pass environment variables using the -e option like so:

docker run -it <image> -e USER=$USER /bin/bash 

Answer 2

I had a similar use-case where I wanted to be able to specify a version for the image. This has a slight extra requirement that you must specify the ARG before the FROM.

First we specify IMAGE_VERSION in the Dockerfile, I'm also include a USER arg that we can pass in too:

# give it a default of latest
# declare the ARG before FROM
ARG IMAGE_VERSION=latest
FROM centos:${IMAGE_VERSION}
ARG myuser  
CMD echo $myuser

Then, as from the Docker compose docs on args:

Add build arguments, which are environment variables accessible only during the build process.

You can add these in your docker-compose.yml for example:

version: '3'
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
      args:
        "myuser=${USER}"
        IMAGE_VERSION

Then as long as you have IMAGE_VERSION set in your environment it will be passed through.

Answer 3

you need to use the ENV setting in your dockerfile

ENV myuser=$USER

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#env

Answer 4

I was experiencing the same issue. My solution was to provide the variable inside of a docker-compose.yml because yml supports the use of environment variables.

In my opinion this is the most efficient way for me because I didn't like typing it over and over again in the command line using something like docker run -e myuser=$USER . . .

Declaring ENV myuser=$USER will NOT work, in the container, $myuser will be set to null.

So your docker-compose.yml could look something like this:

version: '3'
services:
  app:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    environment:
       - "myuser=${USER}"

and can be run with the short command docker-compose up

To check that the variable has been applied, run docker exec -it container-name printenv to list all variables in the container.