I am getting this error while launching the application on device:
Error launching remote program: No such file or directory (/private/var/mobile/Application
It also happen when your Deployment Target is higher than your Device.
Lower it and it may work.
(thanks to Ian Kershaw, whose made me look around this field)
First try restarting Xcode. If it doesn't work, then try hard reset of your device. This happens to me when I change the bundle identifier of my app.
What finally fixed for me was CLEANING(Command + Shift + K) the Xcode project...
If just restarting Xcode and the iPhone does not help, look at your provisioning profiles. Shift-Command-2 brings it up from within Xcode. You can then select the device and then provisioning profiles within that. Deleting your profiles (mine had numerous similar-looking entries created by Xcode) and then restarting Xcode and the iPhone clears the problem.
If your app is a background app you will need to manually delete the app before deploying the new version. For example, say you've an iBeacon aware app, and mark yourself as a background consumer of Bluetooth Low Energy then the OS keeps some record of your app even when it is not running. This record is not properly cleared out when a new version is deployed (iOS 7.0.4). That will cause the reported error, as well as hang the debug and deployment protocol to the handset. The handset will need a restart.
A hack to sidestep the problem is to change the bundle id of your app to something that the phone has not seen. Then it deploys to the handset as a newly seen app avoiding problems from references to the old app.
What finally fixed it for me was restarting the device (after doing everything else everyone recommends here, here Xcode 4 Error: Error Starting Executable here Xcode suddenly stopped running project on hardware: "Could not launch xxx.app: .. No such file.." and here Xcode Developer Preview: Cannot Run on Device
With XCode 5 beta, an Hard reset of the device was needed to solve the problem.