How can I build a Safari extension package from the command line?

Question

Instead of going to Extension Builder > Build Package…, I\'d like to built a .safariextz package from the MyExtension.safariextension fold

Answer 1

Looks like there is a way to patch XAR with a signature option. http://code.google.com/p/xar/issues/detail?id=76#c0

Answer 2

Here are Omar Ismail's instructions, omitting the need for separate shell scripts. This will all occur in a directory safari/, where we will be signing the directory safari/appname.safariextension/ to become the extension safari/appname.safariextz. The first thing is to sign the extension the official way, with Extension Builder's Build Package.

Set up Xar:
1. Download and unzip/untar https://github.com/downloads/mackyle/xar/xar-1.6.1.tar.gz to wherever you want the executable xar-1.6.1 (xar 1.6dev doesn't support the options we need)
2. in xar-1.6.1/

./configure
make
sudo make install
sudo ln -s /full/path/to/xar-1.6.1/src/xar /usr/local/bin/xar161

Set up your certificates:
1. in safari/

mkdir certs/
xar161 -f appname.safariextz --extract-certs certs/

2. open Keychain Access and export your Safari Developer certificate to safari/certs/certs.p12 (use a blank password for certs.p12, and then use your Mac's password to export the cert)
3. in safari/certs/

openssl pkcs12 -in certs.p12 -nodes | openssl x509 -outform der -out cert.der
(same blank password)
openssl pkcs12 -in certs.p12 -nodes | openssl rsa -out key.pem
(same blank password)
openssl dgst -sign key.pem -binary < key.pem | wc -c > size.txt

It's possible that you can get the certificates from certs/cert.p12, and not need the --extract-certs step (and hence not need the extension built the official way), but I don't know openssl well enough, and it's only for the set up that you need that step anyway.

Once everything is set up, to sign the extension:
In safari/

xar161 -czf appname.safariextz --distribution appname.safariextension/
xar161 --sign -f appname.safariextz --digestinfo-to-sign digest.dat --sig-size `cat certs/size.txt` --cert-loc certs/cert.der --cert-loc certs/cert01 --cert-loc certs/cert02
openssl rsautl -sign -inkey certs/key.pem -in digest.dat -out sig.dat
xar161 --inject-sig sig.dat -f appname.safariextz
rm -f sig.dat digest.dat

This was all on a 2006 Snow Leopard MacBook, so it's possible things may be different on a machine that's more up to date.