You may specify an alternative known_hosts file in $HOME/.ssh/config or /etc/ssh/ssh_config, the parameter UserKnownHostsFile.
Alternatively, if you prefer to use alternative known_hosts file for a specific SSH invocation, you may use the SSH command option -o UserKnownHostsFile=<alternative known_hosts file>, e.g. ssh -o UserKnownHostsFile=~/my_temporary_known_host ssh_host.