You could check out Allegro (a game programming library)
Edit to provide more information:
Allegro 4 and Allegro 5 are cross-platform, libraries mainly aimed at video game and multimedia programming. They handle common, low-level tasks such as creating windows, accepting user input, loading data, drawing images, playing sounds, etc. and generally abstracting away the underlying platform. However, Allegro is not a game engine: you are free to design and structure your program as you like.
Allegro 4 and 5 support the major OSs (Unix/Linux, Windows (MSVC, MinGW) and MacOS X). The engine supports 2D graphics primitives natively (you will need a separate API, like OpenGL or DirectX for 3D rendering, but you said that is not your target).