Numpy sum of values in subarrays between pairs of indices

Question

Suppose I have an array A. I have a series of index pairs (a1, b1), (a2, b2) ... (an, bn)

I want to obtain all the sums of the elements between those pairs. i.e.

Answer 1

Assuming your index pairs are stored in a NumPy array indices of shape (n, 2) and n is fairly large, it is probably best to avoid any Python loop:

c = numpy.r_[0, A.cumsum()][indices]
sums = c[:,1] - c[:,0]

Answer 2

Here's another way:

a = np.random.rand(3000)
indices = np.array([[0,3], [9,20], [5,30], [9,33]])
sums = np.add.reduceat(a, indices.ravel())[::2]

assert np.all(sums == np.array([a[i:j].sum() for i,j in indices]))

The cumsum one above is probably more efficient if there are many indices.

Answer 3

If you have a lot of index pairs and your array is long then caching might be an option. I'd try a recursive approach like

CACHE = {}
def mysum(a, b):
    if (a, b) in CACHE:
        return CACHE[(a, b)]

    if a >= b:
        return 0

    s = A[a] + mysum(a+1, b)
    CACHE[(a, b)] = s
    return s

Not checked for correctness or efficiency, though. Decreasing the upper index b could be used as well.

Answer 4

In the first instance I'd try the direct solution:

[np.sum(A[a:b]) for (a,b) in ab]

where ab is the sequence of pairs.

A[a:b] creates a view on the array; there's no copying of the data involved.

If this turns out to be too slow, please tell us more about the size of A, how many pairs of indices you expect to get, whether the (a,b) ranges tend to overlap, etc.