This question is jQuery oriented, but not necessarily exclusively.
The short question:
Can synchronous ajax call block a normal butt
Yes it will. While a synchronous request is outstanding, the browser waits for it to return. The probability of that happening is 100%, but if your request returns fast enough, it might not be that noticeable. Thing is, you can't count on a request returning quickly.
That's the point of ajax calls. The first a mean asynchronous, which means, "doesn't block".
Since ajax calls are asynchronous, your code can be anywhere when the request returns, which means you need a way to handle the response when the request does return. That is why you use callbacks to handle the response.
Why don't you try it?