You can use the unique function:
unique(mat$V1) # and not matrix$v1
[1] 44 281 1312
You can also write
unique(mat)
and it will give you unique lines (I tried it on your file).
If you want to select on V1
s values, you can do this:
> mat[!duplicated(mat$V1), ]
X V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9 V10
1 1547 44 14 1 2 100 17 0 0 0 0
23 5385 281 67 2 10 100 10 0 0 0 0
33 17347 1312 1 2 6 100 8 0 0 0 0