SASS (as Ashwin points out probably "Shader ASSembly") is the binary code that runs on the metal of Fermi architecture devices. What cudaobjdump
(and older third party tools like decuda and nv50dis) show is a direct disassembly of the cubin payload emitted by the ptxas
assembler.
To the best of my knowledge there is no open instruction set documentation for any NVIDIA GPUs.
At some point during the CUDA 5 release cycle, NVIDIA began to provide a summary document which annotates the basic instruction set of suported GPUs (Fermi, Kepler, and Maxwell as of CUDA 7).