First I set up an example people.csv
.
names <- c("Alice", "Bob", "Carol")
ages <- c(18,21,19)
eyecolor <- c("Blue", "Brown", "Brown")
df <- data.frame(names, ages, eyecolor)
write.csv(df, "people.csv")
Then I replace the age column by a height column:
height <- c(160, 180, 170)
df <- read.csv("people.csv")
df[["ages"]] <- height
colnames(df)[colnames(df) == "ages"] <- "height"
write.csv(df, "people.csv")