Assuming a User model using Rails4 with strong_parameters.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
has_secure_password
accepts_nested_attributes_for :identit
You have to specify the identity's attributes you want to updated, including the :id of the identity entity.
you will have something like that :
def user_params
params.require(:user).permit(:email, identity_attributes: [:id, :last_name, :first_name])
end
if you don't specify the :id, Rails will try to create an entity instead of updating it. I spend all the week-end struggling on a simple one-to-many relationship using accepts_nested_attributes_for because I didn't specified the id in the permitted attributes.