Got this from How much accuracy does PRIORITY_BALANCED_POWER_ACCURACY give?
The HIGH_ACCURACY mode use all location providers, However, it prioritize the
After looking around a bit, it looks like PRIORITY_BALANCED_POWER_ACCURACY does indeed exclude GPS altogether.
Google Play Services for Android. Location client not update location if wifi disabled
In my experience, the PRIORITY_BALANCED_POWER_ACCURACY uses GPS only when accessing location updates from any other provider is not possible. When I was using my application, a scenarios when cell tower was lost and no wifi available, the phone started taking location updates from the GPS. As far as I remember, I did not open the maps application or any other GPS specific application on the phone.