How to fit the 2D scatter data with a line with C++

Question

I used to work with MATLAB, and for the question I raised I can use p = polyfit(x,y,1) to estimate the best fit line for the scatter data in a plate. I was wondering which r

Answer 1

Equation of line is Ax + By + C=0.

So it can be easily( when B is not so close to zero ) convert to y = (-A/B)*x + (-C/B)

typedef double scalar_type;
typedef std::array< scalar_type, 2 > point_type;
typedef std::vector< point_type > cloud_type;

bool fit( scalar_type & A, scalar_type & B, scalar_type & C, cloud_type const& cloud )
{
    if( cloud.size() < 2 ){ return false; }

    scalar_type X=0, Y=0, XY=0, X2=0, Y2=0;

    for( auto const& point: cloud )
    { // Do all calculation symmetric regarding X and Y
        X  += point[0];
        Y  += point[1];
        XY += point[0] * point[1];
        X2 += point[0] * point[0];
        Y2 += point[1] * point[1];
    }

    X  /= cloud.size();
    Y  /= cloud.size();
    XY /= cloud.size();
    X2 /= cloud.size();
    Y2 /= cloud.size();

    A = - ( XY - X * Y ); //!< Common for both solution

    scalar_type Bx = X2 - X * X;
    scalar_type By = Y2 - Y * Y;

    if( fabs( Bx ) < fabs( By ) ) //!< Test verticality/horizontality
    { // Line is more Vertical.
        B = By;
        std::swap(A,B);
    }
    else
    {   // Line is more Horizontal.
        // Classical solution, when we expect more horizontal-like line
        B = Bx;
    }
    C = - ( A * X + B * Y );

    //Optional normalization:
    // scalar_type  D = sqrt( A*A + B*B );
    // A /= D;
    // B /= D;
    // C /= D;
    return true;
}