While all the actual GitHub API endpoints support CORS by sending the right response headers, it is a known issue that the https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token
endpoint for creating an OAuth access token does not support CORS requests from Web applications.
The very specific workaround for this case is to use https://github.com/prose/gatekeeper:
Gatekeeper: Enables client-side applications to dance OAuth with GitHub.
Because of some security-related limitations, Github prevents you from implementing the OAuth Web Application Flow on a client-side only application.
This is a real bummer. So we built Gatekeeper, which is the missing piece you need in order to make it work.
The general workaround is: Use an open reverse proxy like https://cors-anywhere.herokuapp.com/
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.open('POST',
'https://cors-anywhere.herokuapp.com/https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token',
true);
req.setRequestHeader('Accept', 'application/json');
req.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded');
req.send('code=' + encodeURIComponent(location.query.code) +
'&client_id=foo' +
'&client_secret=bar');
...
See also How to use Cors anywhere to reverse proxy and add CORS headers.