I have a list like this one:
....
....
....
....
With the .index() :
$('li.active').index()
Working example here:
http://jsfiddle.net/EcZZL/
Edit - added link to the api for .index()
per Nick's advice
Like this:
var index = $("ul li.active").index();
.index() without parameters gives the index of the element with respect to it's siblings, which is what you want in this case.