What is the correct way to replace matplotlib tick labels with computed values?

Question

I have a figure with a log axis

and I would like to relabel the axis t

Answer 1

Look into the Formatter classes. Unless you are putting text on your ticks you should almost never directly use set_xticklabels or set_yticklabels. This completely de-couples your tick labels from you data. If you adjust the view limits, the tick labels will remain the same.

In your case, a formatter already exists for this:

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.loglog(np.logspace(0, 5), np.logspace(0, 5)**2)
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(matplotlib.ticker.LogFormatterExponent())

matplotlib.ticker.LogFormatterExponent doc

In general you can use FuncFormatter. For an example of how to use FuncFomatter see matplotlib: change yaxis tick labels which one of many examples floating around SO.

A concise example for what you want, lifting exactly from JoeKington in the comments,:

ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(
   FuncFormatter(lambda x, pos: '{:0.1f}'.format(log10(x))))