How to select a group from a column based on values from another column using conditional statements

Question

I have a sample dataset as follows:

    df <- data.frame(column_id = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,