How do I write a single-file Django application?
I want to write a very small Django application in a single file, requiring all the appropriate modules and stuff, and then be able to run that as a normal Python script, li
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This is a simple CMS implemented in Django, as a single file. It was written by Paul Bissex. Some of it has been "golfed" and could do with a bit of expansion, but it's still relatively easy to read.
The source has vanished from his pastebin, but I saved it:
#!/usr/bin/env python """ jngo -- The unhealthily compressed Django application. Usage: ./jngo.py Assuming a working install of Django (http://djangoproject.com/) and SQLite (http://sqlite.org), this script can be executed directly without any other preparations -- you don't have to do `setup.py install`, it doesn't need to be on your Python path, you don't need to set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE, you don't need a webserver. You don't even need content -- the first time it's run, it will create a SQLite database in the same directory as the script and populate it with sample pages. Features: * Editable content on all pages * Dynamically generated navigation buttons * Optional private-access pages * Optional per-page comments * RSS feed of latest comments, with autodiscovery Author: Paul Bissex <pb@e-scribe.com> URL: http://news.e-scribe.com/ License: MIT FAQS: Q: Should I use this as an example of excellent Django coding practices? A: Um, no. This is pretty much the opposite of excellent Django coding practices. Q: Why did you do such a terrible thing? A: At first, it was just a perverse experiment. It ended up being a good way to refresh my memory on some Django internals, by trying all kinds of things that broke in weird ways. """ #--- Settings --- NAME = ROOT_URLCONF = "jngo" DEBUG = TEMPLATE_DEBUG = True SITE_ID = 3000 HOSTNAME_AND_PORT = "127.0.0.1:8000" DATABASE_ENGINE = "sqlite3" DATABASE_NAME = NAME + ".db" INSTALLED_APPS = ["django.contrib.%s" % app for app in "auth admin contenttypes sessions sites flatpages comments".split()] TEMPLATE_LOADERS = ('django.template.loaders.app_directories.load_template_source', NAME + '.template_loader') MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ('django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.flatpages.middleware.FlatpageFallbackMiddleware') TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (NAME + '.context_processor', "django.core.context_processors.auth", "django.core.context_processors.request") #--- Template loader and templates --- def template_loader(t, _): from django.template import TemplateDoesNotExist try: return { 'base.html': """<html><head><title>{{ flatpage.title }}</title><link rel='alternate' type='application/rss+xml' href='/feed/'><style type="text/css">body { margin: 15px 50px; background: #eee; color: #343; font-family: sans-serif; } ul { padding: 0; } li { display: inline; background: #383; padding: 4px 8px; margin: 3px; } li:hover { background: #252; } dd { border-bottom: 1px dotted #666; } a { color: #383; text-decoration: none; } li a { color: #fff; } .anav { background: #141; } .rnav a { color: #ff4; } .error { color: #e22; } #footer { border-top: 1px dotted #555; font-size: 80%; color: #555; margin-top: 15px } #comments { background: #ffffd; margin-top: 20px; padding: 10px; } dt { font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1em; }</style></head><body><ul>{% for nav in navs %}<li class="{% ifequal nav.url flatpage.url %}anav {% endifequal %}{% if nav.registration_required %}rnav {% endif %}"><a href="{{ nav.url }}">{{ nav.title }}</a></li>{% endfor %}</ul>{% block content %}{% endblock %}<div id="footer">{% if request.user.is_staff %}<a href="javascript:(function(){if(typeof%20ActiveXObject!='undefined'){var%20x=new%20ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP')}else%20if(typeof%20XMLHttpRequest!='undefined'){var%20x=new%20XMLHttpRequest()}else{return;}x.open('GET',location.href,false);x.send(null);try{var%20type=x.getResponseHeader('x-object-type');var%20id=x.getResponseHeader('x-object-id');}catch(e){return;}document.location='/admin/'+type.split('.').join('/')+'/'+id+'/';})()">Edit this page</a> (as staff user <a href="/admin/">{{ request.user }}</a>)<br>{% endif %}Powered by <a href="http://djangoproject.com/">Django</a> {{ version }}<br></div></body></html>""", 'flatpages/default.html': """{% extends "base.html" %}{% load comments %}{% block content %}<h1>{{ flatpage.title }}</h1>{{ flatpage.content }}{% if flatpage.enable_comments %}<div id="comments">{% get_free_comment_list for flatpages.flatpage flatpage.id as comments %}<h3>Comments!</h3><dl>{% for comment in comments %}{% include "comment.html" %}{% endfor %}</dl>{% free_comment_form for flatpages.flatpage flatpage.id %}</div>{% endif %}{% endblock %}""", 'comments/free_preview.html': """{% extends "base.html" %}{% block content %}<h1>Comment preview</h1><dl>{% include "comment.html" %}</dl><form action='.' method='post'><input type='hidden' name='gonzo' value='{{ hash }}'><input type='hidden' name='options' value='{{ options }}'><input type='hidden' name='comment' value='{{ comment.comment }}'><input type='hidden' name='person_name' value='{{ comment.person_name }}'><input type='hidden' name='target' value='{{ target }}'><input type='submit' name='post' value='Post comment'></form>{% endblock %}""", 'comments/posted.html': """{% extends "base.html" %}{% block content %}<h1>Comment posted</h1><p>Thanks for posting!</p> <p><a href='{{ object.get_absolute_url }}'>Continue</a></p>{% endblock %}""", 'comment.html': """<dt>{{ comment.person_name }} said:</dt> <dd>{{ comment.comment }}</dd>""", 'registration/login.html': """{% extends "base.html" %}{% block content %}{% if form.has_errors %}<h2 class="error">Wrong!</h2>{% endif %}<p>This page is top secret, so you need to log in.</p><form method="post" action=".">Username: {{ form.username }}<br>Password: {{ form.password }}<br><input type="submit" value="login"><input type="hidden" name="next" value="{{ next }}"></form>{% endblock %}""" }[t], '' except KeyError: raise TemplateDoesNotExist template_loader.is_usable = True #--- Context processor --- def context_processor(request): from django.contrib.flatpages.models import FlatPage navs = FlatPage.objects.all().values("url", "title", "registration_required") from django import get_version return { 'navs': navs, 'version': get_version() } #--- RSS Feed (hacky wrapper function needed because of jngo's one-file setup) --- def feed(*args, **kwargs): from django.contrib.comments.feeds import LatestFreeCommentsFeed return LatestFreeCommentsFeed(*args, **kwargs) #--- URLconf --- from django.conf.urls.defaults import * urlpatterns = patterns("", (r"^admin/", include("django.contrib.admin.urls")), (r"^comments/", include("django.contrib.comments.urls.comments")), (r"^accounts/login/$", "django.contrib.auth.views.login"), (r"^(feed)/$", "django.contrib.syndication.views.feed", {'feed_dict': {'feed': feed}}), ) #--- Execution --- if __name__ == "__main__": import os, sys from django.core.management import call_command here = os.path.dirname(__file__) sys.path.append(here) os.environ["DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = NAME if not os.path.isfile(os.path.join(here, DATABASE_NAME)): from django.contrib.auth.create_superuser import createsuperuser from django.contrib.flatpages.models import FlatPage from django.contrib.sites.models import Site call_command("syncdb") createsuperuser() site_obj = Site.objects.create(id=SITE_ID, domain=HOSTNAME_AND_PORT) FlatPage.objects.create(url="/", title="Home", content="Welcome to %s!" % NAME).sites.add(site_obj) FlatPage.objects.create(url="/stuff/", enable_comments=True, title="Stuff", content="This is a page about stuff.").sites.add(site_obj) FlatPage.objects.create(url="/topsecret/", title="Top Secret", content="Now you know.", registration_required=True).sites.add(site_obj) call_command("runserver", HOSTNAME_AND_PORT)讨论(0) -
Most of the single file django examples found over the web lack support for model since django somehow require models to be declared in models.py file in each
INSTALLED_APP. Finally I found an example that include support for model:-http://fahhem.com/blog/2011/10/django-models-without-apps-or-everything-django-truly-in-a-single-file/
The link to the django wiki on models creation also worth reading. And the full code which also include admin:-
https://gist.github.com/2219751
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Here a working example for Django 2.2
import os import sys from django.conf import settings from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line from django.http import HttpResponse from django.urls import path fname = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0] urlpatterns = [path(r'', lambda r: HttpResponse('Hello, world!'))] if __name__ == "__main__": settings.configure(DEBUG=True, MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES=[], ROOT_URLCONF=fname) execute_from_command_line([sys.argv[0], 'runserver'])讨论(0) -
John's answer quoting the jngo app by Paul Bissex is impressive, but it's sadly broken under Django 1.7.
I did a bunch of digging and created
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Getting started with Django can be pretty easy too. Here's a 10-line single-file Django webapp:
import os from django.conf.urls.defaults import patterns from django.http import HttpResponse filepath, extension = os.path.splitext(__file__) ROOT_URLCONF = os.path.basename(filepath) def yoohoo(request): return HttpResponse('Yoohoo!') urlpatterns = patterns('', (r'^hello/$', yoohoo))Check out my blog post Minimal Django for details.
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Tested with Django 1.7
#!/usr/bin/env python import os import sys from django.conf import settings from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url from django.http import HttpResponse filename = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(__file__))[0] urlpatterns = patterns('', url(r'^$', '%s.home' % filename, name='home'), ) def home(request): return HttpResponse('hello') if __name__ == "__main__": settings.configure( DEBUG=True, MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [], ROOT_URLCONF = filename ) from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line execute_from_command_line([sys.argv[0], 'runserver'])讨论(0)
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