Important Update
The strange bug is fixed (at least for me) in Xcode 4.2!
I\'ve a serious problem with Xcode 4.1 Build 4B110 under Mac
Epaga's solution sometimes works & sometimes doesn't.
Therefore I suggest everyone duplicates the following open radar so that Apple gives this issue some priority:
http://openradar.appspot.com/9855452
Quoting your comment on this, andi1984, so that no one misses this "big" answer for anyone (like me) for whom it is a lifesaver. This worked great for me!
If I'm opening Xcode, choose Profile and choose one instrument (let's say Leaks) the new Instrument window opens. Then I need to go back to Xcode (while Instrument.app window is still open in background!) and have to use command + tab to choose out of Xcode in front the Instrument.app again. Then the Instrument app shows me the tracked data. Really weird problem, but now it works. ;-)
I've found that if I leave two Instruments windows open at the same time, when Instruments locks up in one window, bringing the other window into the foreground seems to snap Instruments out of it. It seems to bring Instruments back if you can get the focus on a different Instruments window than the one that's locked.
I've found the two-window-method works all the time while the Xcode-profile-method only works sometimes.
Edit:
After trying the two-window-method a bit more, this method also only works sometimes.
I had the problem of instruments locking up and the above cmd-tab trick didn't work until I did it such that the dialog "Instruments is trying to access your computer" appeared asking for my password. After I entered the password then I could get to instruments. I suspect the problem is the password dialog is hidden in the Xcode windows. In this case Instruments is frozen because it has the modal dialog open.
So:
This may be a one time thing... now that I gave Instruments access it may not need the password again.