I have a column with gps coordinates, in each row a set of geo-polygon coordinates. Most lines have duplicate gps coordinates (complete coincidence of longitude and latitude
Have a look at SimplifyPreserveTopology, it's not exactly removing duplicates, but probably close to what you want:
Simplifies a geometry by removing points that would fall within a specified distance tolerance.
The simplification always returns a valid geometry. Simplified geometries require less storage space and fewer spatial operations during geospatial manipulations. Consequently operations on simplified geometries generally perform faster. Smaller tolerance values result in a geometry closer to the input geometry, but will remove fewer vertices. Larger tolerance values will remove more vertices, but the resulting simplified geometry will be less similar to the original input.