x86 assembly is usually much easier to understand when you write it in Intel syntax instead of AT&T syntax.
In Intel syntax it would be:
add eax,[ebp+4*ebx-0x2C]
cmp [ebp+4*ebx-0x28],eax
The first instruction (add) adds the value of word stored in the memory address [ebp+4*ebx-0x2C] to the value of eax, and stores the sum in eax.
The second instruction (cmp) compares eax with [ebp+4*ebx-0x28] by subtracting the value of eax from the value of the word stored in the memory address [ebp+4*ebx-0x28], and sets flags (OF, SF, ZF, AF, PF, CF) accordingly but does not save the result anywhere. cmp is exactly the same as sub, the only difference being the fact that in sub the result is saved, in cmp not.
The type of comparison is usually created in the form a conditional jump. In x86 assembly there are a lot of conditional jumps and whether they branch depends on the values of the flags.
