I\'m using clang
Version 4.0.0 on my system running ArchLinux, it always worked fine, but recently I can\'t compile programs that use certain STL headers anymor
Your setup is messed up. Funny enough, I have the exact same problem.
When you upgraded to gcc 7.1.1, libstdc++ (which is gcc's Standard Library) was updated alongside of it to provide the new features from C++17. Using gcc, this works, because it has almost full C++17 support.
But clang doesn't. A hint is the -std=c++1z
flag instead of gcc's -std=c++17
flag. Clang is missing deduction guides, and when it encounters them in libstdc++, it doesn't know what to do with them.
You can install the old libstdc++ package from the ALA, or you can download/use LLVM's Standard Library libc++, which naturally has only partial C++17 features.