Does Scala have guards?

Question

I started learning scala a few days ago and when learning it, I am comparing it with other functional programming languages like (Haskell, Erlang) which I had some familiari

Answer 1

Yes, there are pattern guards. They're used like this:

def boundedInt(min:Int, max: Int): Int => Int = {
  case n if n>max => max
  case n if n<min => min
  case n => n
}

Note that instead of an otherwise-clause, you simply specifiy the pattern without a guard.

Answer 2

Yes, it uses the keyword if. From the Case Classes section of A Tour of Scala, near the bottom:

def isIdentityFun(term: Term): Boolean = term match {
  case Fun(x, Var(y)) if x == y => true
  case _ => false
}

(This isn't mentioned on the Pattern Matching page, maybe because the Tour is such a quick overview.)

---

In Haskell, otherwise is actually just a variable bound to True. So it doesn't add any power to the concept of pattern matching. You can get it just by repeating your initial pattern without the guard:

// if this is your guarded match
  case Fun(x, Var(y)) if x == y => true
// and this is your 'otherwise' match
  case Fun(x, Var(y)) if true => false
// you could just write this:
  case Fun(x, Var(y)) => false

Answer 3

The simple answer is no. It is not exactly what you are looking for (an exact match for Haskell syntax). You would use Scala's "match" statement with a guard, and supply a wild card, like:

num match {
    case 0 => "Zero"
    case n if n > -1 =>"Positive number"
    case _ => "Negative number"
}

Answer 4

I stumbled to this post looking how to apply guards to matches with multiple arguments, it is not really intuitive, so I am adding an random example here.

def func(x: Int, y: Int): String = (x, y) match {
  case (_, 0) | (0, _)  => "Zero"
  case (x, _) if x > -1 => "Positive number"
  case (_, y) if y <  0 => "Negative number"
  case (_, _) => "Could not classify"
}

println(func(10,-1))
println(func(-10,1))
println(func(-10,0))