How can I access INI files from Perl?

Question

What is the best way to parse INI file in Perl and convert it to hash?

Answer 1

I prefer to use Config::IniFiles module.

Answer 2

If you like more perlish style then try Tie::Cfg. Sample:

tie my %conf, 'Tie::Cfg', READ => "/etc/connect.cfg";

$conf{test}="this is a test";

Answer 3

Try this module from CPAN: Config::INI::Reader

Answer 4

The best way is to make use of available modules in CPAN as what others have suggested. Below is just for your own understanding, let's say you have ini file like this:

$ more test.ini
[Section1]
    s1tag1=s1value1             # some comments
[Section2]
    s2tag1=s2value1           # some comments
    s2tag2=s2value2
[Section3]
    s3tag1=s3value1

you can do your own parsing w/o modules by using just Perl's regex (or string methods) + data structures like hashes.

Sample Code:

   $ini="test.ini";
    open (INI, "$ini") || die "Can't open $ini: $!\n";
        while (<INI>) {
            chomp;
            if (/^\s*\[(\w+)\].*/) {
                $section = $1;
            }
            if (/^\W*(\w+)=?(\w+)\W*(#.*)?$/) {
                $keyword = $1;
                $value = $2 ;
                # put them into hash
                $hash{$section} = [ $keyword, $value];
            }
        }
    close (INI);
    while( my( $k, $v ) = each( %hash ) ) {
        print "$k => " . $hash{$k}->[0]."\n";
        print "$k => " . $hash{$k}->[1]."\n";
    }

output

$ perl perl.pl
Section1 => s1tag1
Section1 => s1value1
Section3 => s3tag1
Section3 => s3value1
Section2 => s2tag2
Section2 => s2value2

Answer 5

Config::Tiny is very easy and straightforward to use.

$Config = Config::Tiny->read( 'file.conf' );

my $one = $Config->{section}->{one};
my $Foo = $Config->{section}->{Foo};

Answer 6

reading and write function for ini file edit:

sub iniRead
 { 
  my $ini = $_[0];
  my $conf;
  open (INI, "$ini") || die "Can't open $ini: $!\n";
    while (<INI>) {
        chomp;
        if (/^\s*\[\s*(.+?)\s*\]\s*$/) {
            $section = $1;
        }

        if ( /^\s*([^=]+?)\s*=\s*(.*?)\s*$/ ) {
          $conf->{$section}->{$1} = $2;         
        }
    }
  close (INI);
  return $conf;
}
sub iniWrite
{
  my $ini = $_[0];
  my $conf = $_[1];
  my $contents = '';
foreach my $section ( sort { (($b eq '_') <=> ($a eq '_')) || ($a cmp $b) } keys %$conf ) {
    my $block = $conf->{$section};
    $contents .= "\n" if length $contents;
    $contents .= "[$section]\n" unless $section eq '_';
    foreach my $property ( sort keys %$block ) {
      $contents .= "$property=$block->{$property}\n";
    }
  }
  open( CONF,"> $ini" ) or print("not open the file");
  print CONF $contents;
  close CONF;
}

sample usage:

read conf file and saved to hash

$conf = iniRead("/etc/samba/smb.conf");

change the your config attribute or added new config attributes

edit

$conf->{"global"}->{"workgroup"} = "WORKGROUP";

added new config

$conf->{"www"}->{"path"}="/var/www/html";

saved your new configuration to file

iniWrite("/etc/samba/smb.conf",$conf);