Edit:
Though this question originally was specific for the query I\'m describing underneath, the answer I got applies to almost all questions relate
Your first try looks pretty close. Try this:
I removed the long namespace reference and suggest you add a use statement to make your code more readable
$productIds = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
$subQuery = DB::table('attribute_options AS counted')->selectRaw('counted.id, counted.attribute_id, counted.value, count(counted.attribute_id) AS product_count')
->whereIn('counted.product_id', $productIds)
->groupBy('counted.attribute_option_id')
$query = AttributeOption::selectRaw('IFNULL(counted.product_count, 0) AS product_count, uncounted.value, uncounted.attribute_id, uncounted.attribute_option_id')
->from(\DB::raw(' ( ' . $subQuery->toSql() . ' ) AS counted '))
->mergeBindings($subQuery->getQuery())
->rightJoin('attribute_options AS uncounted', 'counted.id', '=', 'uncounted.id')
->groupBy('attribute_option_id')
->get();