Let\'s say I want to execute a PHP script. Which way is better?
This:
$.ajax({
type: \"GET\",
url: \"php-script.php\",
dataType: \"script
$.get() is just a shortcut for an $.ajax() call of type "GET".
To Elaborate $.get() just calls $.ajax() in the background. Its a shortcut kind of like what $(function(){}) is to $(document).ready(function(){}). Common use cases for $.get is for a quick and simple get, $.ajax should be used if you need to do something a bit more complex or if you need the extra flexibility.
$.get()/$.post() don't support beforeSend like $.ajax() does. So you can't for example display a spinner while loading directly. But you can do this with .ajaxStart().
In this case, I'd say $.get, as it's immediately clear what the type of request is. At any rate, it's just shorthand for the larger and more option-ified ajax call, and converting between the two is trivial in the worst case.
If you think that you'll need fancy $.ajax options, use $.ajax. If you don't use the convenience methods jQuery provides, such as .load, $.get, etc.