In Unity3D I am reading a textfile with information on nodes and its connections.
However it seems that ALL duplicates are removed automatically!
Even though split shouldn't remove duplicates (tested here) you could try using Regex and Linq.
var words = Regex.Matches("Node,Node2,Node2,Lamp,Lamp,Node1,Node3,Node4", @",?(\w+)").Cast<Match>().Select(x => x.Groups[1].Value);
This is an infamous gotchya in Unity:
very simply, in the Unity console:
IT DOES NOT PRINT DUPLICATES!!!
Look more carefully by the console output, and there's a Collapse toggle that makes it show or not show duplicates.
It's that simple.