It is our policy to only build 1 deployable jar. all environment-specific configurations are kept separate, and we build them all together at once. so under our current Ant
Maven is not like ant. With ant, you can basically do what you want when you want to do it. With maven, there is a clear and documented build life cycle, and it's targeted at building one component (and possibly attaching other artifacts to the build).
What you plan to do is however to build one component multiple times, but with different parameters. This does not fit into the maven lifecycle. So what you will need to do is to cause some external process to do the iteration and call maven repeatedly with different parameters.
The classic way to accomplish this would be to use a shell script, but you can also use the Maven Invoker to launch a separate process from a Java or Maven context.