I would like to put an OpenType font in my assets folder and use Typeface.createFromAsset
to render Unicode text in my Android appli
I have no experience with Mongolian in particular, but Lollipop finally introduced Paint.setFontFeatureSettings() which takes a string that follows the CSS format, providing "low-level control over OpenType font features"!
If you want to use Harfbuzz to do this, I have written a simple guide to implementing a text shaper using Harfbuzz: http://www.simon-cozens.org/content/duffers-guide-fontconfig-and-harfbuzz
That should get you from font selection to knowing which glyphs should be used and where to put them in the output.